This Majlis Mohamed bin Zayed session explores how cellular science is transforming patient care, particularly for children with severe, rare, and complex diseases. The discussion highlights efforts to use the body’s own regenerative cells to grow new tissues and advance personalised, precise medical treatments. The speaker stresses the need for diverse populations in research to ensure equitable progress and emphasises how breakthroughs in cellular therapies could help unlock the next chapter in global health. The session also proposes that, following revolutions driven by machines and data, the next great leap – a potential third industrial revolution – could centre on life sciences and their contribution to achieving sustainable development goals.